हिंदी पाठको के लिए इस पोस्ट में प्रेमचंद जी की लगभग सभी कहानियों(Premchand Stories Hindi) को पीडीऍफ़ रूप में दिया गया है,जिन्हें आप download कर सकते है. मंत्र – मुंशी प्रेमचंद की कहानी Mantra Story in Hindi, प्रेमचंद की कहानी मंत्र, Premchand ki hindi kahani, Best stories in Hindi Literature, Hindi ki sarvshrest kahaniyan, Premchand ki kahaniyan, Best Stories of Premchand मंत्र – मुंशी प्रेमचंद की. Munshi Premchand - the Great Hindi Story Writer. माधवी की आँखों में सारा संसार अँधेरा हो रहा था। कोई अपना मददगार न दिखायी देता था। कहीं आशा की झलक न थी। उस निर्धन घर में वह अकेली पड़ी.

The short story entitled ‘Deliverance’ by Premchand deals with the themes of untouchability and class discrimination. It consists of four sections.

In the first section, we meet Dhuki, the main character of the short story. He lives a hard life with his wife Jhuria and their only daughter. His daughter is to be betrothed. So Dukhi needs the help of the Brahman Pandit Ghasiram to fix an auspicious day for the betrothal of his daughter. But Dukhi and his wife are very anxious and meticulous about how they would receive the Pandit Ghasiram at their house.

As they found some leisure time after their respective household chores, Jhuria, the wife of Dukhi, urges his husband to go the Brahman Pandit Ghasiram to ask him to come. Dukhi said, ”Yes, I am going, but we have to think about what he’s going to sit on.” His wife said that they would borrow a cot from the village headman’s wife. But Duhki knew that none of his neighbours would lend them a cot. So he suggested his wife wash their own cot and set that out to get dry by the time the Pandit would come to their home.

Jhuria said, ”He would not sit on our cot.” It was because she knew that the Pandit was a stickler about religion as he obeyed the religious rituals very strictly.

Then Dukhi decided to break off some mohwa leaves and make a mat for him. They also decided to manage some food and some other thing to offer the Brahman. Dukhi asked his wife to take Gond’s daughter, a girl of their neighbour, to the village merchant and bring all the things that they needed to offer to the Pandit. They decided to collect a full two pounds of flour, half of the rice, a quarter of a gram, an eighth of ghee, salt, turmeric and four annas as offering to the Pandit.

After these instructions, Dukhi picked up his stick, took a big bundle of grass and went to make his request to the Pandit. He couldn’t go empty-handed to ask a favour of the Pandit. He knew that if the Pandit saw him without an offering, he would shout abuse at him from far away.

Thus in the first scene, we see that Dukhi and his wife are very anxious and sincere about how they would receive the Pandit. Here we see more that how the lower castes of people revere and respect the Brahmans to much.

But in the subsequent sections of the story, we see the hollowness of the so-called Brahmans. The more Duhki and his wife were concerned about the reception of the Pandit the more negligent and opportunist the Brahman appeared to be. Here lies the irony of caste discrimination in Indian society.

After going there, Dukhi saw that Pandit Ghasiram was busy with his daily rituals. After washing his hands and feet at eight o’clock, he would begin the real ceremony of worship, the first part of which consisted of the preparation of bhang. After that he would grind sandalwood paste for half an hour, then with a straw, he would apply it to his forehead before the mirror. Between the two lines of sandalwood, he drew a red dot. Then on his chest and arms, he drew designs of perfect circles. Then he took out the image of the Lord, bathed it and applied the sandalwood to it, decked it with flowers, performed the ceremony of lighting the lamp and rang a little bell.

At that moment Dukhi bowed his head down and said, ”I’m arranging Bitiya’s betrothal. Will your worship help us to fix an auspicious date? When can you find the time?”

The Pandit said, ”I have no time today. But still, I’ll manage to come toward evening.”

Then Pandit took the avail of this situation and set Dukhi to work in his house. He had to carry straw and split a hard piece of wood. All day long he worked hard in hunger. The Pandit and his wife did not care to feed him. Even the Pandit uttered insulting words to him for not being able to split the piece of wood. Then Dukhi set to split the wood with his utmost strength and got exhausted. He fell down on the spot and died instantly. Even after death, he did not get funeral rituals.

Thus the author Peremchand, in his story ‘Deliverance’ has portrayed the fatal effect of caste discrimination in Indian society with a vigorous force. 0 0 0

Munshi Premchand Books

Some Books of Literary Criticism by Menonim Menonimus:

Some Critical Essays on Short Story by the same author:

1. Ambais’ Short Story ‘Yellow Fish’: An Analytical Study
2. Yellow Fish as a Metaphorical Short Story
3. The Significance of Colour in the short Stroy ‘Yellow Fish’
4. The Use of First Person ‘I’ in the Short Story ‘Yellow Fish’
5. Roger Mais’ Short Story ‘Blackout’: An Analytical Study

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In The Shroud by Premchand we have the theme of selfishness, tradition, honour, independence, guilt, self-importance, gender roles and responsibility. Narrated in the third person by an unnamed narrator the reader realises after reading the story that Premchand may be exploring the theme of selfishness. Both Ghisu and Madhav appear to be more concerned about their own well-being than they are of Budhia’s. With neither man being concerned enough to check on Budhia as she lies dying in the hut. What is also interesting about both Ghisu and Madhav is that they feel as though they deserve to be better off than they are. Yet they are not prepared to do the work that is needed to improve their lives. It is as though both men feel they are owed a certain lifestyle by the world. Something that is noticeable by the fact that Ghisu begs for money after Budhia’s death when the reality is there was nothing stopping him from preparing himself financially for Budhia’s death. The work was there for both Ghisu and Madhav but neither man was prepared to do it. Rather both men preferred to live their life as idlers.

The Shroud itself may also be symbolically important as Premchand may be introducing it into the story to highlight to the reader the sense of tradition that exists. However tradition is not followed due to the fact that Ghisu and Madhav decide to get drunk rather than buy the shroud. Not only have they been dishonourable to Budhia while she was alive but both men also dishonour her memory by not buying a shroud for the cremation. It is also possible that Premchand is placing a spotlight on the role women played at the time the story was written. Budhia appears to have done all the work while Ghisu and Madhav sat around and done nothing. It is as though Budhia was treated as no more than a slave by both men. Possibly because she may have been considered inferior to both men due to her sex. If anything it would seem that Budhia had no independence and filled a role that was expected of women. To be both unpaid workers and child-bearers. Premchand also possibly suggesting that the role of the female within a marriage or family was to be subservient to the male.

It may also be possible that Premchand is suggesting that money can bring independence. After Ghisu gets the five rupees from begging. He is able to take control of his and Madhav’s life and do as he pleases. It just happens to be a case that Ghisu and Madhav decide upon acting selfishly rather than buying the shroud for Budhia. It is also while drinking that Ghisu beings to change character somewhat believing in his own self-importance. Something that is probably driven by the fact that Ghisu is getting drunk. He makes unrealistic promises that he cannot fulfil to Madhav. Who is also getting drunk and as such believes his father. The guilt that Madhav begins to partially feel about not purchasing the shroud may also be significant as it only lasts a short time. Again Madhav has possibly numbed himself sufficiently from reality that his thoughts do not last and also they take on little significance. Which may be the point that Premchand is attempting to make. He may be suggesting that alcohol can numb and individual for a short period of time. However it cannot completely divert an individual away from the realities they face. Which may leave some readers to suggest that when sober Madhav may be full of remorse for his actions.

The end of the story is also interesting as Ghisu’s words to Madhav may be based on Ghisu’s own selfishness. Despite telling Madhav that Budhia is in a better place. The reality is that Ghisu cannot really know if this is true or not. He is more preoccupied with getting drunk than consoling Madhav in any meaningful way. Likewise Madhav is a willing listener to his father’s words and easily forgets about Budhia the more that he drinks. However the reality is very different. Madhav has a responsibility to Budhia which he has not honoured due to his and Ghisu’s selfishness. If anything Madhav prefers to get drunk with his father than prepare Budhia’s body for cremation. Just as she may have been abandoned in life by Madhav. Likewise in death she is being abandoned. With Ghisu assured that he will find the money again for the shroud and Madhav believing his father will be able to do so. However the reality may be very different. People may be tired of Ghisu and Madhav’s actions and realise that they would be foolish to give any more money to either man. Even if they did do the right thing on the second occasion.

Munshi Premchand Stories

Munshi Premchand Stories In Hindi

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